Buttons and Design Scarabs by W.M. Flinders Petrie;

Author:W.M. Flinders Petrie;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: HISTORY / Ancient / Egypt
Publisher: Casemate Publishers & Book Distributors, LLC
Published: 2023-04-29T00:00:00+00:00

26. The concentric circle is a well-known degradation of the spiral, in Egypt as also in the bronze age of Europe. In some cases the joining lines clearly show that it was copied from a scroll, as in 209, 218 A. The dated example of such transformation is one of Pepa (Shesha) of the XVIth dynasty (NEWBERRY, Scarabs, xliii, 18). The backs of the linked circles, 207—210, would be from the XIIIth to the XVIth: those of the loose circles, 211—217, are of the XVIth dynasty. The taste for this loose circle ornament continued to the XVIIIth dynasty, as on the cylinder of Tehutmes III, 218, and on scarabs of Tehutmes III, Amenhetep II, and Ramessu II (Scarabs, 18.6. 94, 95; 18.7. 30, 31; 19. 3. 46—51). See also, here, linked circles from Nubt, 1100; circles joined in a tree pattern, from Gurob 1356, from Nubt 1101; from Koptos 1157, the latest stage of the ribbing at the sides of XVIth dynasty patterns; and plain circles from Koptos 1158—1159, Gurob 1350, Lahun 1495, and Yehudiyeh 1526. In 1169 from Koptos there are circles around a tă loaf of bread.

The borders of 220 to 224 are well known on the later Hyksos scarabs from Pepa, and prevalent at the close of the XVIth dynasty. The scrolls 220—221 have a less degraded border showing traces of the original neter signs; the twists 222—224 are clearly later. These serve to date such twists from Koptos, 1155—1156, and Yehudiyeh 1526.

The ribbed patterns 228—235 are mostly before the XIIth, see pl. V, 372, 394. Ribbing is seen on the rosette, button 262, found with a scarab, and button 267, which is probably before the XIIth dynasty. This group 262—267 is placed with button seals as showing the late change of their style, though not actually buttons (see Cemeteries of Abydos, II, xxxvii A 5). The taste for close ribbing is also seen at the sides of the late XVIth dynasty scarabs, as 221, 222, 224.

The limestone cylinder 236 is not dated; it is only placed here along with the diagonal patterns 237, 238. These from the backs, as well as the colour and style, appear to be of the XVIIIth dynasty.

The beginning of the cross patterns may be seen in the lotus flowers on 174. The cross arrangement with a main stem or axis rarely occurs with good spirals, as 239, and these are all C scrolls, probably late in the XIIth dynasty. The backs of 245—246 are like those of the XIIth; 239—242 are like the XIIIth; and 244 is like the XVIIIth. The fronts agree in style with such dates. The pillar type 247—250, have backs as the XIIIth 248—249, the XIVth 250, and the XVIIIth 247. Of the curious modifications of the cross pattern, 252, 253, 256, and 258 are like the backs of the XVIIIth dynasty, and probably are near that age. 255, 256 might rather be classed with the latest button designs. 259 has a back like those of the XIIth and XIIIth, and may be probably XIIIth.

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